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Market timing is one of the all-time great myths of investing. There is no strategy that consistently tells you when to be in the market and when to be out of it, and anyone who says otherwise usually has a market-timing service to sell you.

Consider an interesting study in the February 2OOI issue of Financial Analysts Journal, which looked at the difference between buy-and-hold and market-timing strategies from 1926 through 1999 using a very elegant method. The authors essentially mapped all of the possible market-timing variations between 1926 and 1999 with different switching frequencies.

They assumed that for any given month, an investor could be either in T-bills or in stocks and then calculated the returns that "would have resulted from all of the possible combinations of those switches. (For the curious, there are 2 IZ —or 4,096—possible combinations between two assets over 12 months.) Then they compared the results of a buy-and-hold strategy with all of the possible market-timing strategies to see what percentage of the timing combinations produced a return greater than simply buying and holding.

The answer? About one-third of the possible monthly market-timing combinations beat the buy-and-hold strategy. You may be thinking, "I have a 33 percent chance of beating the market if I try to time it. I'll take those odds!" But before you run out and subscribe to some timing service, consider three issues:

•  The results in the paper cited previously overstate the benefits of timing
because they looked at each year as a discrete period—which means they
ignore the benefits of compounding (as long as you assume that the mar­
ket will generally rise over long periods of time, that is).

•  Stock market returns are highly skewed—that is, the bulk of the returns
(positive and negative) from any given year comes from relatively few
days in that year. This means that the risk of not being in the market is
high for anyone looking to build wealth over a long period of time.

Richard J. Bauer Jr. and Julie R. Dahlquist, "Market Timing and Roulette Wheels," Financial Analysts Journal, 57(1), pp. 28-40.

3. Not a single one of the thousands of funds Morningstar has tracked over the past two decades has been able to consistently time the market. Sure, some funds have made the occasional great call, but none have posted any kind of superior track record by jumping frequently in and out of the market based on the signals generated by a quantitative model.

That's pretty powerful evidence that market timing is not a viable strategy because running a mutual fund is a very profitable business—if someone had figured out a way to reliably time the market, you can bet your life they'd have started a fund to do so.

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